【 文献重点摘要 】
 

Introduction: Nowadays, liposuction is the most frequently performed aesthetic surgery procedure in Western Countries. This technique has had rapid development since the 1970s, when it was experimented for the first time by A. and G. Fischer. It is currently widely used in clinical practice for many different situations in aesthetic, reconstructive and functional fields.

Materials and methods: This review aims to describe the historical evolution of liposuction by analyzing the transformation of the method in function of the introduction of innovative ideas or instruments. We have also focused on reporting the major clinical applications of this surgical technique, applicable to almost the entire body surface. We finally analyzed the complications, both major and minor, associated with this surgical technique.

Results: Liposuction is mainly used to correct deep and superficial fat accumulations and remodel the body contour. It has become an essential complementary technique to enhance the aesthetic result of many other aesthetic procedures such as reduction mammoplasty, abdominoplasty, brachioplasty, thigh lift and post bariatric body contouring. However, it can be largely used for the treatment of innumerable pathologies in reconstructive surgery such as lipomas, lipedema, lipodystrophies, pneudogynecomastia and gynecomastia, macromastia e gigantomastia, lymphedema and many others. The complication rate is very low, especially when compared with conventional excisional surgery and the major, complications are generally associated with improper performance of the technique and poor patient management before and after surgery.

Conclusion: Liposuction is a safe, simple and effective method of body contouring. It has enormous potential for its application in ablative and reconstructive surgery, far from the most common aesthetic processes with a very low complication rate.

Keywords: Liposuction, Suction assisted lipectomy, Liposuction outcome, History of liposuction

前言：吸脂术是当今西方国家最常用的美容手术。这项技术自20世纪70年代以来得到了迅速发展，当时A和G. Fischer首次试验了这项技术。目前在临床上已广泛应用于美学、重建和功能领域的许多不同场合。

材料和方法：本文旨在通过分析吸脂方法在引入创新思想或器械的功能上的转变，来描述吸脂手术的历史沿革。我们还重点报道了这种手术技术的主要临床应用，几乎适用于整个体表。最后，我们分析了与这种手术技术相关的主要和次要并发症。

结果：吸脂术主要用于矫正深层和浅层脂肪堆积，重塑体型。它已经成为许多其他美容手术如缩乳术、腹部成形术、肱骨成形术、大腿提升术和减肥后身体塑形等美容手术的必要补充技术。然而，在重建外科中，它可大量用于治疗各种病理疾病，如脂肪瘤、脂肪水肿、脂肪营养不良、乳房肥大和女性乳房发育、巨乳症、淋巴水肿等。并发症发生率很低，特别是与传统的切除手术相比，主要的并发症是手术操作不当和手术前后病人管理不善。

结论：吸脂术是一种安全、简便、有效的人体塑形方法。它在消融和重建手术中有着巨大的应用潜力，远远不同于最常见的美容手术，并发症发生率非常低。

关键词：吸脂，吸脂辅助脂肪切除，吸脂结果，吸脂病史