【 文献重点摘要 】

Botox has been primarily used in cosmetic treatment for lines and wrinkles on the face, but the botulinum toxin that Botox is derived from has a long history of medically therapeutic uses. For nearly 13 years, until the introduction of Botox Cosmetic in 2002, the only FDA-approved uses of Botox were for crossed eyes (strabismus) and abnormal muscle spasms of the eyelids (blepharospasm). Since then botulinum A, and the seven other forms of the botulinum toxin, have been continuously researched and tested. Botox is a neurotoxin derived from bacterium clostridium botulinm. The toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACH), a neurotransmitter responsible for the activation of muscle contraction and glandular secretion, and its administration results in reduction of tone in the injected muscle. The use of Botox is a minimally invasive procedure and is showing quite promising results in management of muscle-generated dental diseases like Temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, clenching, masseter hypertrophy and used to treat functional or esthetic dental conditions like deep nasolabial folds, radial lip lines, high lip line and black triangles between teeth.

Keywords

Black triangles, Botulinum toxin A, Bruxism, Gummy smile, Hyperfunction

肉毒杆菌毒素主要用于面部纹路和皱纹的美容治疗，但肉毒杆菌毒素是肉毒杆菌毒素的来源，其医学治疗用途由来已久。近13年来，在2002年推出肉毒杆菌化妆品之前，FDA批准的肉毒杆菌唯一用途是治疗对眼(斜视)和眼睑异常肌肉痉挛(眼睑痉挛)。从那时起，A型肉毒杆菌和其他七种形式的肉毒杆菌毒素一直在不断地进行研究和测试。肉毒杆菌毒素是一种来源于肉毒梭菌的神经毒素。这种毒素抑制乙酰胆碱(ACH)的释放，ACH是一种负责激活肌肉收缩和腺体分泌的神经递质，给药会导致注射肌肉的张力降低。肉毒杆菌毒素的使用是一种微创手术，在治疗颞下颌关节紊乱、磨牙症、咬合、咬肌肥大等肌源性牙科疾病方面显示出相当有希望的效果，并用于治疗功能性或美观的牙科疾病，如鼻唇深褶皱、放射状唇线、高唇线和牙齿之间的黑色三角形。

关键词

黑三角，A型肉毒毒素，磨牙症，露龈笑，机能亢进