【 文献重点摘要 】
 

Background: Plastic surgery requires detailed knowledge of upper eyelid anatomy, but few authors have sufficiently described the specifics of upper eyelid nerve anatomy. This study aimed to provide a thorough description of sensory nerve anatomy in the upper eyelid and to propose considerations for upper eyelid surgery.

Methods: Sixteen orbits were dissected from 16 fixed, adult human cadavers. Microscopically, the authors identified the main trunks of the infratrochlear, supratrochlear, and supraorbital nerves and all branches that projected toward the upper eyelid. The number, size, and distribution of nerve branches were recorded.

Results: The branches of the infratrochlear, supratrochlear, and supraorbital nerves covered a wide range in the upper eyelid. The mean numbers of branches per nerve were 1.6 ± 1.2, 3.2 ± 1.5, and 2.6 ± 1.4, respectively. The branches of the infratrochlear nerve were distributed throughout the medial area of the upper eyelid. Those of the supratrochlear nerve were distributed throughout the medial and central areas, and the palpebral branches of the supraorbital nerve were distributed throughout the central and lateral areas of the upper eyelid. The lateral branches of the supraorbital nerve and the cutaneous branches of the lacrimal nerve were distributed in the lateral region of the orbit.

Conclusions: The authors show that upper eyelid sensation is transmitted mainly by the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves, and the authors provide a map of the distribution of upper eyelid sensory nerves. This precise anatomical knowledge about upper eyelid sensory nerves will facilitate pain control and help minimize nerve injuries during surgery.

背景：整形手术需要详细的上睑解剖知识，但很少有作者充分描述上睑神经解剖的细节。本研究旨在提供对上眼睑感觉神经解剖学的全面描述，并为上眼睑手术提出建议。

方法：对16具固定成人身体的16个眼眶进行解剖。显微镜下，作者确定了滑车下、滑车上和眶上神经的主要主干，以及所有向上眼睑突出的分支。记录神经分支的数目、大小和分布。

结果：滑车下神经、滑车上神经和眶上神经在上睑分布广泛。平均每条神经分支数分别为1.6±1.2支、3.2±1.5支和2.6±1.4支。滑车下神经的分支分布于上睑内侧。滑车上神经分布于内侧和中央区，眶上神经的睑支分布于上睑中部和外侧。眶上神经外侧支和泪神经皮支分布于眶外侧区。

结论：上睑感觉主要由滑车上神经和眶上神经传递，并绘制了上睑感觉神经分布图。这种关于上眼睑感觉神经的精确解剖学知识将有助于疼痛控制，并有助于将手术中的神经损伤降至最低。