【 文献重点摘要 】

The largest prospective cadaver study done over a 3-year period to investigate the arterial variations of the forehead is presented. The primary goal was to find anatomical support for various forehead flaps previously designed.

Thirty cadaver foreheads (60 hemi-foreheads) were dissected from deep to superficial to identify arterial variations. The arteries were filled with a latex solution prior to dissection.

The results show that the supratrochlear and dorsal nasal arteries have a relatively constant origin. Vertical (VB), oblique (OB), medial (MB) and lateral branches (LB) of the supraorbital artery were identified. The frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery (FBSTA) was found to continue in the direction of the scalp at the lateral orbital rim vertical line and gave off a transverse branch, the transverse frontal artery (TFA), to supply the forehead. The oblique branch of the supraorbital artery (OBSOA) most often anastomosed with either the transverse frontal artery or the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery at the lateral orbital rim vertical line. A central artery (CA) was consistently found originating from the dorsal nasal artery usually 5 mm from its origin. The central artery had a constant anastomosis with the opposite central artery in the inferior transverse third of the forehead. The central artery was not easily identifiable in the superior third of the forehead.

The angular artery (AA) was found to have a variable termination. The angular artery could communicate with the supratrochlear artery (STrA) at the supraorbital rim (SOR) or it could continue up into the forehead medial to the STrA. This artery was called the paracentral artery (PCA).

The central artery, paracentral artery and supratrochlear artery have an important relationship with the most prominent central vein that is relevant to flap construction.

The significance of the central artery and vein favours the median forehead flap as anatomically superior and the prominent central vein is a constant landmark on which to select the side of the pedicle. Clear landmarks for defining the pedicle base for the median forehead flap are provided.

最大规模的前瞻性身体研究进行了超过3年的时间，以调查前额动脉变异。主要目标是为先前设计的各种额部皮瓣找到解剖学上的支撑。

对30例(60侧)身体额部从深到浅进行解剖，以确定动脉变异。动脉在解剖前用乳胶溶液填充。

结果表明，滑车上动脉和鼻背动脉具有相对恒定的起始点。确定眶上动脉的垂直支(VB)、斜支(OB)、内侧支(MB)和外侧支(LB)。颞浅动脉(FBSTA)的额支在眶缘外侧垂直线沿头皮方向延续，发出横支(TFA)供额部供血。眶上动脉斜支(OBSOA)最常与额横动脉或颞浅动脉额支在眶缘外侧垂直线吻合。中央动脉(CA)始发于鼻背动脉，通常距鼻背动脉5 mm。中央动脉与对侧中央动脉在额下横1/3处有恒定的吻合。中央动脉在额头上1/3处不易辨认。

角动脉(AA)具有可变的终末。角动脉可在眶上缘(SOR)与滑车上动脉(STRA)相通，也可在STRA内侧延伸至额部。这条动脉被称为旁中心动脉(PCA)。

中央动脉、中央旁动脉和滑车上动脉与最突出的中央静脉有重要关系，与皮瓣的构建有关。

中央动脉和静脉的重要性有利于额部正中皮瓣在解剖学上的优势，突出的中央静脉是选择椎弓根一侧的恒定标志。为额部正中皮瓣确定椎弓根基座提供了明确的标志。